马克思是在哪一年写的《青年在选择职业时的考虑》

Reflections of a Young Man
on The Choice of a Profession
Source: MECW Volume 1
Written: between August 10 and 16, 1835
First published: in Archiv für die Geschichte des Sozialismus und der Arbeiterbewegung, 1925
Translated from the Latin.
Transcribed: by Sally Ryan.
Nature herself has determined the sphere of activity in which the animal should move, and it peacefully moves within
that sphere, without attempting to go beyond it, without even an inkling of any other. To man, too, the Deity gave a
general aim, that of ennobling mankind and himself, but he left it to man to seek the means by which this aim can be
achieved; he left it to him to choose the position in society most suited to him, from which he can best uplift himself
and society.
This choice is a great privilege of man over the rest of creation, but at the same time it is an act which can destroy his
whole life, frustrate all his plans, and make him unhappy. Serious consideration of this choice, therefore, is certainly
the first duty of a young man who is beginning his career and does not want to leave his most important affairs to
chance.
Everyone has an aim in view, which to him at least seems great, and actually is so if the deepest conviction, the
innermost voice of the heart declares it so, for the Deity never leaves mortal man wholly without a guide; he speaks
softly but with certainty.
But this voice can easily be drowned, and what we took for inspiration can be the product of the moment, which
another moment can perhaps also destroy. Our imagination, perhaps, is set on fire, our emotions excited, phantoms
flit before our eyes, and we plunge headlong into what impetuous instinct suggests, which we imagine the Deity
himself has pointed out to us. But what we ardently embrace soon repels us and we see our whole existence in ruins.
We must therefore seriously examine whether we have really been inspired in our choice of a profession, whether an
inner voice approves it, or whether this inspiration is a delusion, and what we took to be a call from the Deity was
self-deception. But how can we recognise this except by tracing the source of the inspiration itself?
What is great glitters, its glitter arouses ambition, and ambition can easily have produced the inspiration, or what we
took for inspiration; but reason can no longer restrain the man who is tempted by the demon of ambition, and he
plunges headlong into what impetuous instinct suggests: he no longer chooses his position in life, instead it is
determined by chance and illusion.
Nor are we called upon to adopt the position which offers us the most brilliant opportunities; that is not the one which,
in the long series of years in which we may perhaps hold it, will never tire us, never dampen our zeal, never let our
enthusiasm grow cold, but one in which we shall soon see our wishes unfulfilled, our ideas unsatisfied, and we shall
inveigh against the Deity and curse mankind.
But it is not only ambition which can arouse sudden enthusiasm for a particular profession; we may perhaps have
embellished it in our imagination, and embellished it so that it appears the highest that life can offer. We have not
analysed it, not considered the whole burden, the great responsibility it imposes on us; we have seen it only from a
distance, and distance is deceptive.
Our own reason cannot be counsellor here; for it is supported neither by experience nor by profound observation,
being deceived by emotion and blinded by fantasy. To whom then should we turn our eyes? Who should support us
where our reason forsakes us?
Our parents, who have already travelled life's road and experienced the severity of fate - our heart tells us.
And if then our enthusiasm still persists, if we still continue to love a profession and believe ourselves called to it after
we have examined it in cold blood, after we have perceived its burdens and become acquainted with its difficulties,
then we ought to adopt it, then neither does our enthusiasm deceive us nor does overhastiness carry us away.
But we cannot always attain the position to which we believe we are called; our relations in society have to some
extent already begun to be established before we are in a position to determine them.
Our physical constitution itself is often a threatening obstacle, and let no one scoff at its rights.
It is true that we can rise above it; but then our downfall is all the more rapid, for then we are venturing to build on
crumbling ruins, then our whole life is an unhappy struggle between the mental and the bodily principle. But he who is
unable to reconcile the warring elements within himself, how can he resist life's tempestuous stress, how can he act
calmly? And it is from calm alone that great and fine deeds can arise; it is the only soil in which ripe fruits successfully
develop.
Although we cannot work for long and seldom happily with a physical constitution which is not suited to our
profession, the thought nevertheless continually arises of sacrificing our well-being to duty, of acting vigorously
although we are weak. But if we have chosen a profession for which we do not possess the talent, we can never
exercise it worthily, we shall soon realise with shame our own incapacity and tell ourselves that we are useless
created beings, members of society who are incapable of fulfilling their vocation. Then the most natural consequence
is self-contempt, and what feeling is more painful and less capable of being made up for by all that the outside world
has to offer? Self-contempt is a serpent that ever gnaws at one's breast, sucking the life-blood from one's heart and
mixing it with the poison of misanthropy and despair.
An illusion about our talents for a profession which we have closely examined is a fault which takes its revenge on us
ourselves, and even if it does not meet with the censure of the outside world it gives rise to more terrible pain in our
hearts than such censure could inflict.
If we have considered all this, and if the conditions of our life permit us to choose any profession we like, we may
adopt the one that assures us the greatest worth, one which is based on ideas of whose truth we are thoroughly
convinced, which offers us the widest scope to work for mankind, and for ourselves to approach closer to the general
aim for which every profession is but a means - perfection.
Worth is that which most of all uplifts a man, which imparts a higher nobility to his actions and all his endeavours,
which makes him invulnerable, admired by the crowd and raised above it.
But worth can be assured only by a profession in which we are not servile tools, but in which we act independently in
our own sphere. It can be assured only by a profession that does not demand reprehensible acts, even if
reprehensible only in outward appearance, a profession which the best can follow with noble pride. A profession
which assures this in the greatest degree is not always the highest, but is always the most to be preferred.
But just as a profession which gives us no assurance of worth degrades us, we shall as surely succumb under the
burdens of one which is based on ideas that we later recognise to be false.
There we have no recourse but to self-deception, and what a desperate salvation is that which is obtained by selfbetrayal!
Those professions which are not so much involved in life itself as concerned with abstract truths are the most
dangerous for the young man whose principles are not yet firm and whose convictions are not yet strong and
unshakeable. At the same time these professions may seem to be the most exalted if they have taken deep root in
our hearts and if we are capable of sacrificing our lives and all endeavours for the ideas which prevail in them.
They can bestow happiness on the man who has a vocation for them, but they destroy him who adopts them rashly,
without reflection, yielding to the impulse of the moment.
On the other hand, the high regard we have for the ideas on which our profession is based gives us a higher standing
in society, enhances our own worth, and makes our actions un-challengeable.
One who chooses a profession he values highly will shudder at the idea of being unworthy of it; he will act nobly if only
because his position in society is a noble one.
But the chief guide which must direct us in the choice of a profession is the welfare of mankind and our own
perfection. It should not be thought that these two interests could be in conflict, that one would have to destroy the
other; on the contrary, man's nature is so constituted that he can attain his own perfection only by working for the
perfection, for the good, of his fellow men.
If he works only for himself, he may perhaps become a famous man of learning, a great sage, an excellent poet, but
he can never be a perfect, truly great man.
History calls those men the greatest who have ennobled themselves by working for the common good; experience
acclaims as happiest the man who has made the greatest number of people happy; religion itself teaches us that the
ideal being whom all strive to copy sacrificed himself for the sake of mankind, and who would dare to set at nought
such judgments?
If we have chosen the position in life in which we can most of all work for mankind, no burdens can bow us down,
because they are sacrifices for the benefit of all; then we shall experience no petty, limited, selfish joy, but our
happiness will belong to millions, our deeds will live on quietly but perpetually at work, and over our ashes will be shed
the hot tears of noble people.

《青年在选择职业时的考虑》读后感
本文主要阐明了关于青年在选择职业时应考虑的因素,怎样选择职业以及如何选择适合自己职业,并提出自己的观点“在选择职业时,我们应该遵循的主要指针是人类的幸福和我们自身的完美”.
此文章的语言清新优美,读完之后犹如当头棒喝,尤其对于我们这样的在校的学生,在面临即将开启新的生活方式时,难免会感到迷茫与浮躁.生活犹如万花筒,工作更是多种多样,所以我们在选择职业时会眼花缭乱,不知其思所归,其意所至.马克思说：“神也给人指定了共同的目标——使他自己和人类趋于高尚.”我们选择职业是一种自我价值的实现,所以首先我们要对自己有一个正确的价值定位.为了实现自我价值而追求适合自己职业,才能最终选择出“最终为人类而工作的职业”.
马克思在文章中认为,青年在选择职业时应该考虑的因素有以下方面：
1、青年在选择职业时应该从实际出发,问问自己内心想要什么.他在文章中提出在选择职业时,“我们应当认真考虑：所选择的职业是不是真正使我们受到鼓舞?我们的内心是不是同意?我们受到的鼓舞是不是一种迷误?我们认为是神的召唤的东西是不是一种自欺?”选择职业不是为了满足一个人的虚荣心,要明白虚荣心容易给人鼓舞或者是一种我们觉得是鼓舞的东西.但是,被名利弄得鬼迷心窍的人,理智已无法支配他,于是他一头栽进那不可抗拒的欲念驱使他去的地方.他已经不再自己选择他在社会上的地位,而听任偶然机会和幻想去决定它.
2、马克思认为青年在选择职业时应当遵循的主要指针是人类的幸福和我们自身的完美,以此为指针就应当选择最能为人类而工作的职业,这才是最高尚的职业,选择这样职业的人才是最崇高的人,才是人们最敬仰的人.马克思的考虑很深刻,自我价值和社会价值是不可分割的,我们只有把社会需要放在第一位,选择符合国家需要的事业才是正确的.
自我感悟
我们在选择职业时一定要充满热情,深切的热爱这份工作我们才想要去为之而努力.这正如马克思在文章里提到的“我们的使命决不是求得一个最足以炫耀的职业,因为它不是那种使我们长期从事而始终不会情绪低落的职业.”只有对工作充满热情,在工作过程中才“始终不会情绪低落”.
另外,在选择职业时还要考虑我们个人的体质问题.只有拥有一个健康的体魄,才会有源源不断的精力与热情投入到工作中去.如果我们选择了力不能胜任的工作,那么我们的热情很快就会被榨光,并且自愧无能,产生的后果必然时妄自菲薄.正如马克思所说“妄自菲薄是一条毒蛇,它永远啮噬着我们心灵,吮吸着其中滋润生命的血液,注入厌世和绝望的毒液 ”.
马克思会对青年选择职业有如此见解,可见他在17岁得时候就有了明确的人生观和世界观.我们读完这篇文章之所以会感到震撼,那是源于我们对其见解的心悦臣服.由此说来,我们首先应该明确自己人生观、价值观与世界观,才能在意识洪流中坚守属于自己的一方天地,才能在形形色色的诱惑下坚持原则,不被诱惑所扰.

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