怎样辨别英语句子是主谓宾结构还是主系表还是其他结构?

不同结构的句子有不同的表达方式，英语中基本句子结构一共五种，具体如下：
1、主谓宾结构句型
主语+谓语+宾语(简称主谓宾结构)    
例句：I(主语) eat(谓语) an apple(宾语).
翻译为：我吃了一个苹果。
2、主系表结构句型
主语+系动词+表语(简称主系表结构)          
例句：he(主语) looks(系动词) funny(表语).
翻译为：他看上去很幽默
3、主语+谓语(简称主谓结构)    
例句：I(主语) escape(谓语).
翻译为：我逃脱了。

4、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(简称主谓双宾语结构)   
例句：I(主语) buy(谓语) you(间接宾语) a book(直接宾语).
翻译为：我给你买了本书
5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(简称主谓宾宾补结构)  
例句： I(主语) named(谓语) the car(宾语) Big boy(宾语补足语). 
我为这辆车起了个名字，叫Big boy。
说明：宾语补足语，在谓语动词之后，接了宾语但句义依旧不完整，需要再加另外的成分补充说明宾语的意义，这个成分就是宾语补足语。

1He is a work.
He is young.
We are proud of him.
2He likes English.
They have eaten lunch
I play the piano every weekends
3She gave me a book
She lent a book to me.
Father bought me a gift
4He makes her angry.
He hears a girl singing next to the room
He let her do housework.
5What he said made me laugh loudly
Which answer is right isn't known to us
When we'll start is not clear
6That's what we should do
The question is how to deal with the problems
That's why they decided to hold a meeting
7The rumor that there will be an earthquake.
The quesstion that why the sky is blue is difficult to answer
The idea that we Invited him yesterday is quite good.
8It was not until yesterday that I Notice it
It was he who took me to the hospital
It was in the street that I met her last night
9Out he rushed
Then came the heavy snow
Only they did I realize that I was wrong.

主谓结构，I study.
主谓宾:I like banana.
主系表:I am a student.
主谓双宾:I give a pencil to him.
主谓符合宾语:I make him happy.

1. 主语+谓语(不及物动词) [S + V]
如：The children are playing happily.
孩子们正在高兴地玩。
2. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 [S+V+O]
如：The Greens enjoy living in China.
格林一家喜欢住在中国。
3. 主语+谓语+表语 [S+V+P]
该句型谓语动词为连系动词。常见的系动词有：be(是)； get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎) 等。如：
① He became a famous doctor.
他成为了一名著名的医生。
② The apple pie tastes really delicious.
苹果派吃起来真是好吃。
4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 [S+V+InO+DO]
这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，既指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，但要加介词for或to。如：
① My aunt bought me a computer. = My aunt bought a computer for me. 我阿姨买给我一台电脑。
② I passed him the salt. = I passed the salt to him.
我把盐递给他。
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 [S+V+O+OC]
如：We must keep our school clean.
我们必须保持我们的学校清洁。
1. Subject (主语) ＋ Verb (谓语)

这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。如：

The students work very hard.学生们学习很努力。

She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。

The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上发生的。

2. Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicate(表语)

这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：

(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如：

Several players lay flat on the playground.几个队员平躺在操场上。

We should remain modest and prudent any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎。

This kind of food tastes terrible.这种食物吃起来很糟糕。

The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.这幅画在一定的距离看更漂亮一些。

(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：

Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。

Don't have the food. It has gone bad.不要吃那种食物，已经变质了。

The facts prove true.事实证明是正确的。

3. Subject(主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) ＋ Object (宾语)

这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：

You can put the books in your bag.你可以把书放在书包里。

Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我们这里的农民种很多种蔬菜。

She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞台上露面的机会。

I prefer to make web pages.我更喜欢做网页。

4. Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋ Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语)

这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如：

Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。

The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.老人正在给孩子们讲长征中的故事。

这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：1)动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ for sb.； 2)动词 ＋ 宾语＋to sb.。如：

Please show me your picture.

－Please show your picture to me.

请把你的画给我看一下。

I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don�t lose heart.

—I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart.

只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。

5. Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语)

这种句型中的宾语＋ 补语可统称为“复合宾语”。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：

Keep the children quiet, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。

He painted the wall white. 他把墙漆成白色。

We found him an honest person.我们发现他是一个诚实的人。

His mother told him not to play on the street.他母亲告诉他不要在街上玩。

注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：

The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。
1． 主语+ 不及物动词

例：It is raining heavily.

My tooth aches.

2． 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语

例：They enjoy the play.

I met John in the street yesterday.

3． 主语 + 系动词 + 表语

例：He is out.

Jenny is fine.

It looks like rain, soon.

4 主语 + 及物动词 + 双宾语

例：He bought her a watch.

The sun gives us light.

注意：双宾语一个指人（即间接宾语），另一个指物（即直接宾语）。一般间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面，有时它们也可交换位置，这是需要在间接宾语的前面加上介词to 或for 。

常见的双宾语结构：bring sb. sth (bring sth to sb). give sb. sth (give sth to sb.)

hand sb. sth (hand sth to sb.) leave sb. sth (leave sth.to sb)

lend sb. sth (lend sth to sb) pass sb sth (pass sth to sb)

return sb. sth (return sth to sb) send sb sth (send sth to sb)

show sb sth (show sth. to sb.) tell sb sth (tell sth to sb )

write sb sth (write sth to sb ) buy sb sth (buy sth for sb )

do sb sth (do sth for sb ) get sb sth (get sth for sb )

make sb. sth (make sth for sb) pay sb. sth (pay sth for sb)

sing sb sth (sing sth for sb )

5． 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 补足语

例：She found him a very clever student.

I make it a rule to get up early in the morning.

（S＋V＋P）
The bike is new.
The map is on the wall.
第二种 主语＋不及物动词 （S＋V）
He swims.
第三种 主语＋及物动词＋宾语 （S＋V＋O）
Children often sing this song.
第四种 主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 （S＋V＋IO＋DO）
She showed her friends all her pictures.
第五种 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 （S＋V＋O＋C）

一、主语---动词----表语 1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名词做表语)
2.Gradualy he became silent.(形容词做表语)
3.She remained standing for a hour.(现在分词做表语)
4.The question remained unsolved.(过去分词做表语)
5.The machine is out of order.(介词短语做表语)
6.The television was on.(副词做表语)
7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式做表语)
8.My job is repairing cars.(动名词做表语)
9.The question is what you want to do.(从句做表语，即：表语从句)
注意：在下面的句子中，形容词做表语，在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。
I'm happy to meet you.
They are willing to help.
We are determined to follow his example.

二、主语———动词 在这一句型中，动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组。在有的句子中，不及物动词可以有状语修饰。
1.The sun is rising.
2.I'll try.
3.Did you sleep well？(well做状语，修饰不及物动词sleep)
4.The engine broke down.
注意：在此句型中，有少数不及物动词表达被动含义，表达主语本身所具有的特性，不用被动语态。
1.The book sells well.
2.The window won't shut.
3.The pen writes smoothly.
4.Cheese cuts easily.

三、主语———动词———宾语 在此句型中，动词为及物动词，划线部分为宾语。
1.Do you know these people(them)？(名词或代词做宾语)
2.I can't express myself in English.(反身代词做宾语)
3.He smiled a strange smile.(同源宾语)
4.We can't afford to pay such a price.(不定式做宾语)
5.Would you mind waiting a few minutes？(动名词做宾语)
6.I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.(从句做宾语，即：宾语从句) 注意：并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况做宾语，不同的动词有不同的用法，所以，在学习动词时，一定要掌握其用法。

四、主语———动词———宾语———宾语 在此句型中，动词可以称作双宾语动词，在英语中，这样的动词并不多，在学习遇时，要牢记。后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语，其中间接宾语在前，一般表人，直接宾语在后，一般表物。这类句型有三种情况。
第一种情况，间接宾语可以改为to引导的短语。
1.He handed me a letter. He handed a letter to me.
2.She gave me her telephone number. She gave her telephone number to me.
第二种情况，间接宾语可以改为for引导的短语。
3.She sang us a folk song. She sang a folk for us.
4.She cooked us a delicious meal. She cooked a delicious meal for us.
第三种情况，直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当。
5.Tell him I'm out.
6.Can you inform me where Miss Green lives？

五、主语———动词———宾语———宾语补足语 在此句型中的动词，叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词.
在英语中，这样的动词也不多。后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的，宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语。
这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式，因为复合宾语的构成内容较多。
下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语。
1.He found his new job boring.(形容词做宾补)
2.The called their daughter Mary.(名词做宾补)
3.This placed her in a very difficult position.(介词短语做宾补)
4.We went to here house but found her out.(副词做宾补)
5.What do you advise me to do？(不定式做宾补)
6.We thought him to be an honest man.(tobe做宾补)
7.He believed them to have discussed the problem.(不定式的完成式做宾补)
8.He believed her to be telling the truth.(不定式的进行式做宾补)
9.Did you notice him come in？(不带to的不定式做宾补)
10.I saw her chatting with Nancy.(现在分词做宾补)
11.He watched the piano carried upstairs.(过去分词做宾补)

注意：在这个结构中，可以出现用it做形式上的宾语，把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。
在此结构中，宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句
1.He felt it his duty to mention this to her.
分析：it是形式宾语，his duty是宾语补足语，to mention this to her是真正的宾语。
2.I think it best that you should stay with us.
分析：it是形式宾语，best是宾语补足语，that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。

主谓结构比如: THE TEACHER SAYS.
主谓宾结构: I TEACH ENGLISH
主系表结构: SUE IS INTELLIGENT.
主谓宾+间接宾语+直接宾语结构: HE GIVE HIS SISITER A BOOK
I'll write you a long letter.
主谓宾+宾补结构:My boss told me to type out two letters.
LZ照套就完了

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