用英文介绍中国历史人物
Shihuangdi or Shih Huang-ti orig. Zhao Zheng
born с 259 BC, Qin state, northwestern China
died 210 BC, Hebei province
Founder of the Qin dynasty (221–207 BC).
His father was king of Qin, which was regarded as barbarous by the central states of China but had developed a strong bureaucratic government under the philosophy of legalism (see Hanfeizi). Aided by Li Si, Zheng eliminated the other Chinese states until in 221 BC Qin ruled supreme. He proclaimed himself Shihuangdi ("First Sovereign Emperor") and initiated reforms designed to create a fully centralized administration. He was interested in magic and alchemy, hoping for an elixir of immortality; his reliance on magicians was strongly condemned by Confucian scholars, many of whom he executed. The scholars also advocated a return to old feudal ways; their obstinacy led him to order the burning of all nonutilitarian books. Traditional histories regarded him as the ultimate villain, cruel, uncultivated, and superstitious. Modern historians stress the endurance of his bureaucratic and administrative structure. Though the Qin dynasty collapsed after his death, future dynasties adopted his structures. He was buried in a massive tomb with an army of more than 6,000 terra-cotta soldiers and horses.
秦始皇 [Shihuangdi]
亦作Shih Huang-ti。本名赵政(Zhao Zheng)。
(259?中国西北地区 秦国～210BC,河北省)
秦朝(221～207BC)的创建者。其父是秦国君王。尽管中原国家认为秦国过于野蛮，但秦国仍然在法家(参阅韩非子〔Hanfeizi〕)思想的指导下，发展出强大的官僚政府。赵政在李斯的协助下，于公元前221年之前，消灭了其它国家，取得最高的统治权。他自称为「始皇帝」(第一位至高无上的皇帝)，发动改革，计划创造出一个完全中央集权的行政体系。秦始皇帝对于法术与炼丹术颇有兴趣，希望求得长生不死的仙丹。他对方士的信赖遭到儒家学者强烈谴责，其中许多儒生因此而被处决。儒家学者并倡导回归到旧有的封建制。由于他们毫不屈服，导致秦始皇下令焚烧所有非实用性的书籍。在传统历史上一致认为他彻底的恶劣、残酷、粗野与迷信。现代的历史学者则强调其官僚与管理架构的持久性。虽然秦朝在秦始皇死亡后崩溃瓦解，但后世的朝代仍采用其行政架构。秦始皇被埋葬在一座巨大的陵墓中，其中附带一支超过6,000具赤陶兵马俑所组成的军队。
孙悟空是中国著名的神话人物之一，出自四大名著之《西游记》。祖籍东胜神州，从石头中出生，之后众猴之王，尊为 “美猴王”。后拜菩提祖师为师，得名孙悟空，学会七十二变、筋斗云、长生不老等高超的法术。
学成，孙悟空先取得如意金箍棒，又勾去生死簿，后被天界招安，封为“弼马温”。得知职位低卑后生气返回花果山，并战胜托塔天王和三太子，迫使玉皇大帝封其为齐天大圣，之后奉旨管理蟠桃园。因醉酒搅乱王母的蟠桃盛会，偷吃太上老君的金丹，炼成了金刚不坏之躯，阴差阳错间在太上老君的炼丹炉中炼就火眼金睛。
之后大闹天宫，十万天兵天将、四大天王、二十八星宿对其围剿亦不能将其打败，后来在与如来打斗中输了，被压在如来的五行山下悔过自新。 后经观音点化，被唐僧救出，名行者，保护唐僧西天取经，一路降妖除魔，不畏艰难困苦，历经九九八十一难，最后取得真经修成正果，被封为斗战胜佛。
孙悟空生性聪明、活泼、忠诚、嫉恶如仇，是我最敬佩的英雄。
Sun Wukong is one of the most famous mythical figures in China. It is a journey to the West from four great works. Born in stone, Monkey King was born in Dongsheng, China. After that, the king of monkey was honored as "Monkey King". After the Bodhisattva Master as a teacher, named Monkey King, learned seventy-two changes, wrestling clouds, immortality and other superb magic.
Achieved, Monkey King first acquired the desired Golden hoop stick, then scratched the book of life and death, then was recruited by the heavens, named "Pramavin". After learning of his low position, he returned to Huaguo Mountain angrily and defeated the King of Tota and the Three Princes, forcing the Jade Emperor to make him the Great Saint of Qitian, and then ordered to manage Pantaoyuan. Because drunkenness disturbed the Royal mother's peach festival, and stole the golden Dan of Lao Shang Jun, it became a good body of King Kong. In the furnace of Lao Shang Jun, when Yin and Yang went wrong, it made a golden eye.
After that, there was a great disturbance in the Heavenly Palace, and the encirclement and suppression of it by 100,000 Heavenly Soldiers, the Four Heavenly Kings and 28 Stars could not be defeated. Later, they lost the fight with the Tathagata and were pressed under the Wuxing Mountains of the Tathagata to repent and renew themselves. After Guanyin Dianhua, he was rescued by Tang monks, famous travelers, protecting Tang monks from the Western Heaven, descending demons and eliminating demons all the way, fearing hardships and hardships, and went through the ninety-eighty-one hardships. Finally, he achieved the success of the true Sutra and was conferred the title of fighting against Buddha.
Sun Wukong is the most admirable hero of my nature.
Besides the middle battleground of Guandu, two lines of battle were present. The eastern line with Yuan Tan of Yuan Shao's army versus Zang Ba of Cao Cao's army was a one-sided battle in favor of Cao Cao, as Yuan Tan's own questionable leadership was no match for Xang Ba's local knowledge of the landscape and hit-and-run tactics. To the western side, Yuan Shao's cousin, Gao Gan, performed much better against Cao Cao's army and forced several reinforcements from Cao Cao's main camp to maintain the western battle. Liu Bei, who was at the time a guest in Yuan Shao's army, also suggested to induce uprising in the back of Cao Cao's lands as there were many connections to the Yuan family and their subordinates. The tactic was successful at first, but quickly countered by Man Chong's diplomatic skill. Man Chong had been placed as an official there for this specific reason, as Cao Cao had foreseen the situation prior to the battle.
Finally, with the help of a defector from Yuan Shao's army, Xu You, who informed Cao Cao of the location of Yuan Shao's army supply, Cao Cao broke the standstill and sent a special task force to burn all the supplies of Yuan Shao's army and won a decisive and seemingly impossible victory. Yuan Shao fell ill and died shortly after returning from the defeat, leaving his legacy to two of his sons – the eldest son, Yuan Tan and the youngest son, Yuan Shang. As he had designated the youngest son, Yuan Shang, as his successor, rather than the eldest as tradition dictated, the two brothers consistently feuded against each other, as they fought Cao Cao. Because of their internal divisions, Cao Cao was easily able to defeat them by using their differences to his advantage. Henceforth Cao Cao assumed effective rule over all of northern China. He sent armies further out and extended his control past the Great Wall into northern Korea, and southward to the Han River.
However, Cao Cao's attempt to extend his domination south of the Yangtze River was unsuccessful. He received an initial great success when Liu Biao, ruler of Jing Zhou, died, and his successor, Liu Zong surrendered to Cao Cao without resistance. Delighted by this turn-out (Cao Cao, a devoted follower of Sun Tzu's Art of War, also considered "defeating your enemy without battle" to be the highest form of achievement of war) he pressed on and hoped the same would happen despite the objections by his military advisors. His forces were then defeated by the first coalition of his archrivals Liu Bei and Sun Quan (who later founded the kingdoms of Shu and Wu respectively) at the Red Cliffs in 208.
【音乐】
嵇康：
嵇康,字叔夜,本姓奚,祖籍会稽(今浙江绍兴)，“竹林七贤”的领袖人物。三国时魏末诗人与音乐家，玄学家的代表人物之一。嵇康从小喜爱音乐，有极高的音乐天赋。他精于笛，妙于琴，善于音律。他创作的《长清》、《短清》、《长侧》、《短侧》四首琴曲被称为“嵇氏四弄”，是中国古代一组著名琴曲，与东汉的“蔡氏五弄”合称“九弄，尤其善于演奏《广陵散》。
嵇康对那些传世久远、名目堂皇的教条礼法不以为然，更深恶痛绝那些乌烟瘴气、尔谀我诈的官场仕途。他宁愿在洛阳城外做一个默默无闻而自由自在的打铁匠，也不愿与竖子们同流合污。他如痴如醉地追求着他心中崇高的人生境界：摆脱约束，释放人性，回归自然，享受悠闲。
【诗文】
杜甫（公元712--770），汉族，字子美，河南巩县（今郑州巩义）人，世称杜工部、杜拾遗，自号少陵野老，是我国唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，为国为民，英年早衰，诗圣，世界文化名人，与李白并称“李杜”。
杜甫善于运用古典诗歌的许多体制，并加以创造性地发展。他是新乐府诗体的开路人。他的乐府诗，促成了中唐时期新乐府运动的发展。他的五七古长篇，亦诗亦史，展开铺叙，而又着力于全篇的回旋往复，标志着我国诗歌艺术的高度成就。
【医药】
李时珍：
字东璧，号濒湖，湖北蕲州人，汉族。其父李言闻是当地名医。李时珍继承家学，尤其重视本草，并富有实践精神，肯于向劳动人民群众学习。在李时珍任职太医院前后的一段时期，经长时间准备之后，李时珍开始了《本草纲目》的写作。在编写过程中，他脚穿草鞋，身背药篓，带着学生和儿子建元，翻山越岭，访医采药，倾听了千万人的意见，参阅各种书籍800多种，历时27年，终于在他61岁那年（1578年）写成。
【兵法】
孙武
也就是孙子,出生于约公元前552年,字长卿,后人又尊称孙武子,齐国乐安人，汉族。公元前552年，即孔子出生的前一年，在齐国都城临淄以北的莒邑，诞生了一位伟大的军事家和军事理论家。他就是被后世并称为山东文武两圣人之一的武圣，也称“兵圣”——孙武。
春秋时期最优秀的统帅无疑是孙武，即使在世界上，他也是最伟大的军事理论家，我曾说过，只要《孙子兵法》存在，世界上一切伟大的兵书都只能是第二流的。《孙子兵法》是无与伦比的。孙武同样也擅长指挥，柏举之战就是中国战争史上灵活用兵，以少胜多的典型战役。
【思想家】
孔子（前551.9.28—前479.4.11）名丘，字仲尼，春秋鲁国人，汉族，生于鲁国陬邑昌平乡（今山东省曲阜市东南的鲁源村）。逝世后葬于曲阜城北泗水之上，即今日孔林所在地。
孔子对后世影响深远，他在世时已被誉为“天纵之圣”、“天之木铎”、“千古圣人”，是当时社会上最博学者之一，并且被后世尊为至圣（圣人之中的圣人）、万世师表。曾修《诗》、《书》，定《礼》 、《乐》，序《周易》，作《春秋》。孔子的思想及儒家学说对后世产生了极其深远的影响。
《论语》是儒家的经典著作，由孔子的弟子及再传弟子编纂而成，是一本记录孔子及其弟子言行的书。
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